Lianne+Burrell

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[01] When I was little (and now still) I wanted to make a volcano for a science fair project. I am sure many of you have, or like me really want to make a volcano. Even though baking soda and vinegar is a nice classic I have a recipe for the coolest volcano you can ever make! All it takes is a little Ammonium Chromate or better its compound Ammonium Dichromate [(NH4)2Cr2O7]. This crystal-like chemical is actually fairly easy to obtain although its a carcenogenic.. I mean, I found it on ebay. But I heard its more difficult now to find in its crystal form, only powdered which wouldn't work as well (in case your thinking about trying this which I am) Although on its MSDS sheet it says "conditions to avoid - Heat, flames, ignition sources and incompatibles." many people have played with this stuff and made it decompose at its melting boint which is a toasty 180C. As you light the crystals it starts to decompose exothermically and produces a reaction that resembles a volcano as it sparks and produces lots of ash-like substance. Voila, Volcano. Heres some videos media type="youtube" key="Odd3F0Xm3qw" height="233" width="244" - media type="youtube" key="Ula2NWi3Q34" height="232" width="275"
 * Ammonium Dichromate. **

CITATIONS: " MSDS Sheet." Web. 7 Mar 2010. []. "Ammonium dichromate volcano ." //Practical Chemistry//. The Nuffield Foundation and Royal Society of Chemistry 2010, Web. 7 Mar 2010. []. YOUTUBE YOUTUBE YOUTUBE :)

Eau de toilette
==A study came out which showed that the average UK woman has almost 515 chemicals on average on her body. This might surprize you at first, but when you think about the hair products, the lipstick and creams that a lot of the female population wears then it starts to make more sense. However, the one thing that conquers all others in the chemical department is perfume. Perfume has up to 400 chemicals on average, and many of them would surprize you. The first perfumes were made from more natural ingredients, and are still around today! Except we don't call them perfume, but essential oils. However those are expensive to make and why do that when perfume companies can load perfumes with chemicals that give some people headaches and sinus problems! It's cheaper, and more efficient. Now, I admit Ive used perfume many times, and even after reading this im most likely still going to use perfume in the future. In fact 70% of women after finding these results said they didn't care about the harmful chemicals they are putting on their body, well they cared, but not enough to stop. In an EPA study these were just some of the chemicals found in perfume. Ready? ACETONE BENZALDEHYDE BENZYLACETATE BENZYL ALCOHOL CAMPHOR ETHANOL ETHYL ACETATE LIMONENE LINALOOL METHYLENE CHLORIDE a-PINENE g-TERPINENE a-TERPINEOL and those are just a few so though it smells lovely, those chemicals are probably not so lovely for your body ==

Citations: [] Kendall, Julia. "Twenty Most Common Chemicals in Thirty-one Fragrance Products [based on a] 1991 EPA Study." //Our Little Place//. Environmental Health Network, n.d. Web. 29 Mar 2010. . "What's in my perfume?." //Jurgita//. N.p., n.d. Web. 29 Mar 2010. []. Casciato, Paul. "Average UK woman wears 515 chemicals a day." //Reuters//. N.p., Thu Nov 19, 2009. Web. 29 Mar 2010. [].

ELECTROLYTES [03] Electrolytes is really a nice fancy word for "//any compound that, in solution or in molten form, conducts electricity and is decomposed (electrolyzed) by it. It is an ionizable substance in solution"//. We ourselves have electrolytes in our system which include sodium, potassium, calcium and magnesium to name a few. Now if your thinking ..where have I heard the word 'electrolytes' before, the answer is probably Gatorade! Gatorade advertises heavily on the fact that their sports drink contain electrolytes - which are essential for your body. After you work out your body sweats out alot of these important electrolytes which help muscle function. Elecytolytes help out in several different areas in our bodies. When your electrolyte balance is kinda out of whack, you can get some of the following symptoms : > > SO DRINK UP YOUR GATORADE AFTER YOU WORK OUT! > > Nordqvist, C. (2009, June). What are Electrolytes?. //Medical News Today//, Retrieved from http://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/153188.php > Mote, A. (2010, March 6). Electrolytes-what are they?. //Buzzle//, Retrieved from http://www.buzzle.com/articles/electrolytes-what-are-they.html > Gatorade,. (n.d.). Retrieved from []
 * Weakness
 * Twitching
 * Seizures
 * Numbness
 * Nervous system disorders
 * Muscle spasm
 * Fatigue
 * Irregular heartbeat
 * Convulsions
 * Confusion
 * Bone disorders
 * Blood pressure changes

HOT ICE (SODIUM ACETATE) So remember in class when we started talking about hot ice? & I screamed "CALL IT FOR WIKI POST". Well I figured I mineswell stick to my work on this one, so heres a little blurb about hot ice.

So Sodium Acetate is a key ingredient in many things. As we already know, it is essential in creating hot ice, but also it can neutralize sulfuric acid in waste, but also is used in food! (well, sodium diacetate.....) It gives salt and vinnegar chips that taste and used as a perservative. media type="youtube" key="uy6eKm8IRdI" height="251" width="277" (Mrs Lightfoot we should have a day where we make this stuff in class. I want to make ice sculptures !!)

The chemical composition of sodium acetate is C2H3NaO2. I f you want to learn more about the more chemical parts of sodium acetate, you can actually go to [|HERE] and learn ALL about it. Trust me, the website has everything..including its MSDS sheet. For example, heres a little blurb about it you can read about : It is also used in consumer **HEATING PADS** or hand warmers and is also used in hot ice. Sodium acetate trihydrate crystals melt at 58 °C, dissolving in their water of crystallization. When they are heated to around 100 °C, and subsequently allowed to cool, the aqueous solution becomes supersaturated. This solution is capable of super cooling to room temperature without forming crystals. By clicking on a metal disc in the heating pad, a nucleation center is formed which causes the solution to crystallize into solid trihydrate crystals again. The bond-forming process of crystallization is exothermic, hence heat is emitted. The latent heat of fusion is about 264–289 kJ/kg. Unlike some other types of heat packs that depend on irreversible chemical reactions, sodium acetate heat packs can be easily recharged by boiling until all crystals are dissolved. Therefore they can be recycled indefinitely Citations: Mubychem Group,. "Sodium Acetate." //Univercity of Sodium Acetate manufacturer//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 May 2010. . "Top 10 Amazing Chemical Reactions." //Listverse//. N.p., 04 Mar 2008. Web. 30 May 2010. []. How Stuff Works,. "How do sodium-acetate heat pads work?." //How Stuff Works//. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 May 2010. .

​ MARIE CURIE

(this was much more like a history post than a chemistry one, or even more physics-related, but she was very important to the world of chemistry!)

I noticed that painting in mrs.lightfoots classroom, and I asked who it was. Now I DONT REMEMBER what the first name was that miss lightfoot told me, so when I google searched "currie, famous, chemistry" I found Marie Curie.

Marie was born in Poland (Warshaw) in 1867. She married the professor in the school of physics, (Pierre Currie) She got the job of Head of the Physics Laboratory and got her Doctorate of Science. After the death of her husband, she took his job as Professor, and was the first woman to have that position. (A very accomplished thing to do considering the time period was still 1906) Speaking of the time period, radioactivity was being looked into more after the discovery of it by Henri Becquerel in 1896. This inspried Marie Curie to look into it more, and later on she was able to isolate Polonium (which is named after Poland, where she was born in remember?) and Radium. Although Marie died in 1922, she was rewarded much in her lifetime. She recieved half of the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1903 (her husband got the other half of the recognition) and they also shared it with Henri Becquerel. Marie was scientifically trained a little bit by her father, and the science gene carried on to her daughter, who won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1935. During the Curies' research, Marie lost 20 pounds and her husband was always exhausted and in pain. However Marie refused to believe that working with the radiation was extremely harmful, although they had already found that radium can damage flesh. That led to new ways to treat cancer and other aliments. Marie's discovery of radium is actually a facinating story (one that ive actually heard before....thats why it sounded familiar) and you can read all about her here : [|CLICK!]

CITATIONS: Naomi Pasachoff,. "Marie Currie." //© 2000 - 2010 American Institute of Physics// n. pag. Web. 30 May 2010. .

The Nobel Foundation 1911,. n. pag. Web. 30 May 2010. .

Vinegar and Baking Soda So we all know that when vinegar and baking soda mix together it makes a chemical reaction! We’ve done this experiment since we were little wee ones, but here is the legit chemical formula to it:Vinegar, an acid, reacts to the baking soda which is sodium bicarbonate. Mixing the two is simply a acid base reaction, CH3COOH + NaHCO3 ---> CH3COONa + H2CO3 It produces (products) carbonic acid which quickly decomposes into carbon dioxide and water: H2CO3 --> H20 +CO2 THe CO2 is what you see bubbling....

PS I know this was an elementary school wikipost but come on...who doesn't love vinnegar and baking soda?! So heres a video on how to make a mini bomb....

media type="youtube" key="OO9F0_Hbybs" height="268" width="319" & my mind ||
 * "ThinkQuest." //Vinegar + baking soda explanation//. N.p., n.d. Web. 8 Jun 2010. .

AMMONIA

The other day when going into chemistry and it REAKED of smell, I was like wow.. whats that? and Clement of cource was like "relax lianne. Its just ammonia" So, dismissing it kinda but remembering it now, I wanted to look up the MSDS sheet for ammonia. So last weekend Felix & I looked it up. By the way, this is for a diluted ammonia SOLUTION which I'm hoping is what you guys were working with... because ammonia gas is way more toxic.

On the sheet it says : the molecular formular is NH4OH Concentrated solution is extremely damaging to eyes. Even contact with dilute ammonia solution can lead to serious eye damage. Toxic if swallowed; harmful if inhaled and in contact with skin. Very destructive of mucous membranes. Corrosive - causes burns. It also says that you must work under extremely good ventilation. Do not work in the open laboratory with concentrated ammonium hydroxide solution.

But really, I'm sure you guys are all fine :) And I'm sure Clement was working under a fume hood because you guys are all resposible level one chemistry students and such

"PTCL Safety ." //Safety data for ammonium hydroxide//. http://msds.chem.ox.ac.uk/AM/ammonium_hydroxide.html, 29 Mar 2007. Web. 8 Jun 2010.

VITAMIN C ANAYLSIS:

PROCEDURE ON VITAMIN C []

so today, when doing presentations one thing I should have studied more was : Triiodide oxidizes vitamin C to form dehydroascorbic acid: C6H8O6 + I3- + H2O --> C6H6O6 + 3I- + 2H+ this was the chemical reaction done with our project. Now it makes sense that we needed to add the starch since the iodine was oxidized. Which would have helped me earlier with Dr.Bendrichs question (thanks nicole by the way)